The Washington two-cent carmine stamp, issued in the United States between 1890 and 1894, featured a portrait of George Washington based on the famous painting by Gilbert Stuart. Distinctive for its deep red color, this stamp saw widespread use for postal needs of the era, such as newspapers and periodicals. Variations exist, including different perforations and shade variations, making it a subject of study for philatelists.
This small piece of postal history offers a glimpse into late 19th-century America. Its usage reflects the communication practices and postal rates of the time. For collectors, the stamp’s variations in shade and perforation provide opportunities for specialized collecting and research. Its relatively short lifespan adds to its desirability, and its vibrant color makes it an attractive addition to any collection. The stamp also serves as a tangible reminder of the historical significance of George Washington, constantly circulating throughout the country on letters and packages.
Further exploration into this stamp’s production, usage, and value within philately provides a deeper understanding of its importance. Topics such as identifying genuine examples, understanding its place within larger collections, and appreciating its historical context offer rewarding avenues for research.
Tips for Collectors of the Two-Cent Carmine Washington Stamp
Careful consideration of several factors contributes to successful collecting of the two-cent carmine Washington stamp. These tips provide guidance for both beginning and experienced collectors.
Tip 1: Examine the shade of carmine. Color variations exist, ranging from a pinkish carmine to a deep, rich red. Recognizing these subtle differences is crucial for accurate identification and valuation.
Tip 2: Verify the perforation. Different perforation gauges were used during the stamp’s production. Accurate measurement distinguishes variations and impacts value.
Tip 3: Assess the centering of the design. Well-centered examples are more desirable and often command higher prices. Examine the margins surrounding the portrait and frame.
Tip 4: Evaluate the condition. Damage, such as tears, thin spots, or heavy cancellations, significantly affects value. Seek examples free from such flaws.
Tip 5: Consult reputable resources. Specialized catalogs, philatelic societies, and expert dealers offer valuable information for authentication and pricing.
Tip 6: Consider professional authentication. For potentially valuable examples, certification by a recognized philatelic expertizing service provides assurance of authenticity and grade.
Tip 7: Handle with care. Always use stamp tongs to avoid damage from fingerprints or oils. Store stamps in protective mounts or albums.
By focusing on these factors, collectors can build valuable and rewarding collections of the two-cent carmine Washington stamp. Careful attention to detail ensures the acquisition of genuine and desirable examples.
Ultimately, the pursuit of these stamps offers a tangible connection to American history and the evolving practices of postal communication.
1. Two Cent Denomination
The “two-cent denomination” is a crucial defining characteristic of the 1890-1894 carmine Washington stamp. Understanding its significance requires exploring the postal rates and usage context of the era. This denomination played a specific role in the postal system, influencing the stamp’s production and distribution.
- Postal Rates and Usage
In the late 19th century, two cents represented a standard rate for certain types of mail, notably newspapers and periodicals. The two-cent Washington stamp, therefore, facilitated the widespread dissemination of printed information, reflecting the communication landscape of the time. The high volume of mail requiring this specific denomination necessitated large print runs of the stamp.
- Production and Distribution
The Bureau of Engraving and Printing produced vast quantities of this stamp to meet demand. This large-scale production led to variations in shade and perforation, creating nuances appreciated by collectors today. Distribution networks spanned the entire country, ensuring access to this essential denomination.
- Relationship to Other Denominations
The two-cent rate occupied a specific niche within the broader postal rate structure. It represented a cost-effective option for certain mail classes, distinct from the rates for letters or larger packages, which required different denominations. This differentiation contributed to the overall efficiency of the postal system.
- Philatelic Implications
The widespread usage and variations within the two-cent Washington stamp contribute to its philatelic significance. The relatively common availability allows collectors to acquire examples, while the subtle variations in shade and perforation offer opportunities for specialized collecting and the study of printing processes.
The two-cent denomination, therefore, inextricably links the carmine Washington stamp to the postal history of its era. It illustrates the practical function of stamps within a communication network and provides collectors with a tangible artifact representing the flow of information and commerce in late 19th-century America.
2. George Washington Portrait
The portrait of George Washington on the two-cent carmine stamp issued from 1890-1894 is not merely decorative; it represents a deliberate choice with historical and symbolic weight. Understanding its significance requires examining the image’s origin, its adaptation for the stamp, and its broader cultural implications within the context of late 19th-century America.
- Source Image
The portrait is based on the “Athenaeum Portrait,” a painting of George Washington by Gilbert Stuart, one of the most iconic representations of the first president. The choice of this particular image reinforces Washington’s enduring status as a national symbol, connecting the everyday act of mailing a letter with the foundational figure of the nation.
- Engraving and Adaptation
The process of adapting the painted portrait for the stamp involved intricate engraving work, translating the nuances of Stuart’s original into a miniature format suitable for reproduction on a postage stamp. This translation presented technical challenges, requiring skilled engravers to capture the essence of the portrait within the constraints of the stamp’s small size.
- Symbolism and National Identity
The inclusion of Washington’s portrait on a commonly used stamp reinforced his image as a unifying national symbol. During this period, the visual representation of Washington on currency and postage stamps contributed to a shared sense of national identity and reinforced the historical narrative surrounding the nation’s founding.
- Philatelic Significance
From a philatelic perspective, the portrait’s presence adds to the stamp’s historical value. The connection to the iconic “Athenaeum Portrait” elevates the stamp beyond a mere postal artifact, transforming it into a miniature work of art with historical and cultural resonance. Variations in the engraving details across different print runs further enhance the stamp’s interest for collectors.
The George Washington portrait on the two-cent carmine stamp transcends its purely functional role. It serves as a constant reminder of the nation’s founding father, woven into the fabric of daily life through the postal system. This connection to a revered historical figure adds significant cultural and historical value to the stamp, further enhancing its philatelic importance.
3. Carmine Ink Color
The term “2 cent Washington stamp red” often refers to the two-cent Washington stamps printed using carmine ink between 1890 and 1894. While “red” provides a general color description, “carmine” specifies the particular ink used, offering a more precise understanding of the stamp’s appearance and production. Exploring the properties and historical context of carmine ink provides crucial insight into these stamps.
- Composition and Properties
Carmine is a vibrant red pigment derived from cochineal insects. Its intensity and relative stability made it a suitable choice for stamp production in the late 19th century. However, carmine’s susceptibility to fading under certain conditions contributes to the range of shades observed in extant examples, a factor significantly impacting their value among collectors.
- Historical Usage in Stamp Production
Carmine enjoyed widespread use in stamp production during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Its adoption reflects the printing technologies and available materials of the time. Examining other stamps printed with carmine ink provides a comparative perspective on the two-cent Washington stamp’s production and place within postal history.
- Variations and Identification
The specific shade of carmine used for the two-cent Washington stamps can vary from pinkish hues to deeper, richer reds. Factors such as ink batches, paper quality, and environmental exposure contribute to these variations. Recognizing these nuances is crucial for accurate stamp identification and valuation within philately.
- Philatelic Significance of Color
The color of a stamp, especially in the case of the two-cent Washington, is a critical factor in determining its value and rarity. Collectors often seek specific shades or varieties, adding another layer of complexity and interest to the study of these stamps. Understanding the nuances of carmine and its behavior over time informs collecting strategies and contributes to a deeper appreciation of these historical artifacts.
The carmine ink color is not merely an aesthetic detail; it connects the two-cent Washington stamp to specific historical printing practices, contributes to the variations sought by collectors, and plays a crucial role in determining a stamp’s condition and value. Recognizing the complexities of carmine provides a deeper appreciation for the seemingly simple description of “2 cent Washington stamp red.”
4. 1890-1894 Issue Dates
The years 1890 to 1894 delineate the period during which the two-cent carmine Washington stamps were issued by the United States Post Office. This timeframe is essential for accurate identification and valuation. Stamps with purported carmine coloring outside these dates require careful scrutiny for authenticity. Understanding the historical context of these dates provides further insight. The period encompassed significant growth and change in the United States, including expansion westward and advancements in printing technologies. These factors indirectly influenced postal operations and, consequently, the production and distribution of the stamps.
The specified issue dates are not merely arbitrary markers; they reflect specific printing runs and design choices implemented during that timeframe. For example, variations in perforation gauge exist within this period, allowing collectors to distinguish between different printings. These variations, tied directly to the production years, contribute significantly to a stamp’s value and collectibility. Knowledge of the issue dates allows collectors to categorize their stamps accurately and research specific characteristics associated with each printing. Furthermore, understanding the historical context of the 1890-1894 period provides a richer appreciation for the stamps as historical artifacts.
In conclusion, the 1890-1894 issue dates are crucial for properly identifying and understanding the two-cent carmine Washington stamp. This specific timeframe is directly linked to the stamp’s production, variations, and historical context. Recognizing the significance of these dates enables collectors to build more informed collections and appreciate the stamp’s place within the broader narrative of American postal history. The issue dates serve as a foundational element for any serious study or collection of these stamps, enabling more nuanced distinctions and more accurate valuations.
5. Varying Perforations
Perforations, the small holes punched around stamps for easy separation, are a crucial aspect of stamp production and identification. While seemingly minor, variations in perforation gauge significantly impact the value and collectibility of the two-cent carmine Washington stamp. Understanding these variations provides essential context for collectors and philatelists studying this specific stamp.
- Gauge Measurement
Perforation gauge refers to the number of perforations within a two-centimeter span. Different gauges were employed during the production of the two-cent Washington stamps. Common gauges include 12×12 (meaning 12 perforations vertically and 12 horizontally) and 10×12. Accurately measuring the gauge is fundamental for distinguishing between variations.
- Impact on Value
Variations in perforation gauge often correspond to different print runs and can significantly influence a stamp’s market value. Rarer perforation varieties, such as the 10×12 gauge on the two-cent Washington, are generally more sought after by collectors, often commanding higher prices compared to more common varieties like the 12×12.
- Identification and Authentication
Perforation gauge serves as a key characteristic for authenticating and identifying specific printings of the two-cent Washington stamp. Specialized perforation gauges and catalogs assist collectors in accurately determining the gauge and verifying a stamp’s genuineness. Discrepancies in perforation can indicate potential forgeries or alterations.
- Relationship to Production Methods
Variations in perforation reflect changes in printing technologies and practices during the stamp’s production period. Studying these variations provides insights into the evolution of stamp production methods in the late 19th century. Changes in perforation equipment and techniques contributed directly to the different gauges observed on the two-cent Washington stamps.
The variations in perforation on the two-cent carmine Washington stamps provide a tangible link to the historical production processes and add a layer of complexity for collectors. Careful examination of perforation gauge is crucial for accurate identification, authentication, and valuation of these stamps. Recognizing the significance of perforation differences enhances the understanding of these stamps as historical artifacts and contributes to informed collecting practices.
6. Condition and Centering
Condition and centering are critical factors influencing the value and desirability of the two-cent carmine Washington stamp. These aspects reflect the stamp’s handling and preservation throughout its history, offering insights into its journey from post office to collector’s album. Careful assessment of both condition and centering is essential for accurate valuation and informed collecting decisions.
- Overall Condition
The overall condition encompasses any damage or flaws affecting the stamp, including tears, thin spots, creases, stains, and fading. A stamp’s condition is graded on a scale ranging from “poor” to “superb,” with higher grades indicating better preservation. Even minor imperfections can significantly impact value, particularly for rarer varieties. Collectors prioritize well-preserved examples, free from significant damage.
- Centering
Centering refers to the position of the printed design within the stamp’s perforated margins. Ideally, the design should be perfectly centered, with equal margins on all sides. However, variations in centering are common, ranging from slightly off-center to significantly shifted designs. Well-centered examples are more desirable and command higher prices, reflecting the aesthetic appeal of balanced margins.
- Impact of Cancellations
Cancellations, applied by postal authorities to prevent reuse, also influence a stamp’s condition and value. Light, unobtrusive cancellations are generally preferred, while heavy or messy cancellations can detract from the stamp’s appearance and reduce its value. Certain types of cancellations, such as fancy or historical cancels, can add value to a stamp.
- Gum Condition (if applicable)
For unused stamps, the condition of the original gum (adhesive) on the back is an important consideration. Undamaged, original gum adds value, while hinged gum (indicating previous mounting in an album) or regummed stamps are less desirable. Collectors often prioritize stamps with undisturbed original gum.
Condition and centering are integral aspects of evaluating the two-cent carmine Washington stamp. These factors, combined with other characteristics such as perforation gauge and shade variations, contribute to a comprehensive understanding of a stamp’s value and historical significance. Careful consideration of condition and centering allows collectors to make informed decisions and build collections reflecting both aesthetic appeal and historical relevance.
7. Philatelic Significance
Philatelic significance, in the context of the two-cent carmine Washington stamp, derives from a confluence of factors that elevate its importance beyond a simple used postal artifact. These factors include the stamp’s historical context, production variations, and its representation of broader trends in 19th-century American life. The interplay of these elements contributes to its desirability among collectors and its value as an object of study.
The stamp’s issue dates, 1890-1894, coincide with a period of significant transformation in the United States. This era witnessed westward expansion, industrial growth, and evolving communication practices. The two-cent rate facilitated the dissemination of newspapers and periodicals, reflecting the increasing importance of printed media in American society. Consequently, the stamp serves as a tangible representation of this historical context, providing insights into communication patterns and postal rates of the time. Moreover, production variations, such as different perforation gauges and shades of carmine ink, offer collectors opportunities for specialized study and categorization. These variations, stemming from evolving printing techniques and material inconsistencies, contribute to the stamp’s philatelic significance by providing a tangible link to the manufacturing processes of the era. For instance, the rarer 10×12 perforation gauge commands a premium among collectors due to its relative scarcity compared to the more common 12×12 gauge.
Understanding the philatelic significance of the two-cent carmine Washington stamp allows collectors to appreciate its value beyond its face value. This understanding informs collecting strategies, encourages research into specific variations, and contributes to a deeper appreciation of postal history. Challenges in assessing condition, identifying forgeries, and accurately determining perforation gauges add further complexity to the field. However, these challenges also contribute to the intellectual engagement that defines philately. Ultimately, the stamp’s historical context, production variations, and connection to broader historical themes solidify its philatelic significance, making it a valuable and rewarding subject of study for collectors and historians alike.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding the two-cent carmine Washington stamp issued between 1890 and 1894. Understanding these points clarifies potential confusion and assists collectors in making informed decisions.
Question 1: How can one differentiate between genuine and counterfeit two-cent carmine Washington stamps?
Authentication requires careful examination of several factors, including paper type, perforation gauge, ink color, and printing details. Consulting specialized catalogs or seeking expert opinions is recommended for valuable or questionable examples. Microscopic examination can reveal subtle differences in printing characteristics that distinguish genuine stamps from counterfeits.
Question 2: What accounts for the range of carmine shades observed in these stamps?
Variations in the shade of carmine ink result from factors such as different ink batches, paper quality, and environmental exposure over time. Fading due to light exposure can also lighten the original carmine color. These variations contribute to the stamp’s collectibility.
Question 3: How does perforation gauge impact the value of a two-cent Washington stamp?
Different perforation gauges signify distinct print runs. Certain gauges are scarcer than others, directly influencing their market value. The 10×12 perforation is generally more valuable than the more common 12×12 due to its relative rarity.
Question 4: What is the significance of centering in stamp collecting?
Centering refers to the position of the printed design within the stamp’s perforated margins. Well-centered stamps, where the design is perfectly balanced, are more aesthetically pleasing and generally command higher prices than off-center examples.
Question 5: How does condition affect the value of these stamps?
Condition is paramount in stamp collecting. Damage, such as tears, creases, thin spots, and heavy cancellations, significantly impacts a stamp’s value. Collectors prioritize well-preserved examples, free from flaws. Condition is graded on a scale, with higher grades indicating better preservation and commanding higher prices.
Question 6: Where can one find reliable resources for valuing and identifying two-cent carmine Washington stamps?
Reputable stamp catalogs, philatelic societies, and experienced stamp dealers offer valuable resources for identification, valuation, and authentication. These resources provide detailed information about different varieties, market prices, and factors influencing a stamp’s value.
Careful consideration of these factors contributes to a deeper understanding of the two-cent carmine Washington stamp, empowering collectors to make informed decisions and appreciate the nuances of these historical artifacts.
Further research into specific aspects of these stamps, including detailed examination of printing variations and historical context, can enhance collecting practices and provide a more nuanced appreciation of their significance within philately.
The Two-Cent Carmine Washington Stamp
This exploration of the two-cent carmine Washington stamp, issued between 1890 and 1894, has highlighted its multifaceted significance. Key aspects, including the historical context of its usage, the intricacies of its productionspecifically the carmine ink and varying perforationsand the nuances of condition and centering, contribute to its value and collectibility. The stamp’s enduring connection to George Washington, through the iconic portrait based on Gilbert Stuart’s painting, further elevates its historical relevance. Understanding these elements provides a framework for appreciating the stamp’s place within both philately and the broader narrative of American history.
The two-cent carmine Washington stamp stands as more than a simple piece of postal ephemera. It offers a tangible link to the past, encapsulating the communication practices, technological advancements, and cultural values of late 19th-century America. Continued study and appreciation of these stamps contribute to a richer understanding of this historical period and the evolution of philately. Further research and careful examination of individual examples offer opportunities for ongoing discovery and deeper engagement with this fascinating aspect of postal history.
