This specific denomination of postage featuring Rutherford B. Hayes, the nineteenth President of the United States, was issued in 1877 as part of the definitive series succeeding the previous issue bearing the likeness of Abraham Lincoln. These stamps, typically printed in blue, were widely used for standard letter postage during this period and represent a tangible piece of postal history. Examples can be found in varying conditions, from unused with original gum to postmarked specimens, each with its own collectible value.
Postal emissions of this era offer valuable insights into printing techniques, design aesthetics, and the political climate of the time. This particular stamp’s value extends beyond mere postage; it serves as a historical artifact reflecting the Hayes administration and the evolving visual language of American philately. For collectors, condition, printing variations, and postmarks contribute significantly to a specimen’s desirability and worth. Preserving these pieces contributes to maintaining a connection with American history and the development of communication systems.
Further exploration of this topic can delve into detailed aspects such as specific printing varieties, the evolution of postal rates, the life and presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes, and the broader context of 19th-century philately in the United States. Resources for such research include specialized catalogs, philatelic societies, and archival materials.
Tips for Collectors of Nineteenth-Century U.S. Postage
Careful consideration of several factors contributes significantly to successful collecting of stamps from this era. Attention to detail and a methodical approach can enhance both the enjoyment and potential investment value of a collection.
Tip 1: Condition Assessment: Carefully examine a stamp for any imperfections, such as thin spots, tears, creases, or fading. Unused examples with original gum are generally more valuable than used ones.
Tip 2: Identifying Variations: Research different printings and shades. Subtle differences can significantly impact value. Specialized catalogs and expert opinions are valuable resources.
Tip 3: Importance of Postmarks: Clear, readable postmarks can add historical context and value, particularly if they originate from a significant location or event.
Tip 4: Proper Storage: Protect stamps from humidity, light, and pests. Archival-quality albums and mounts are essential for long-term preservation.
Tip 5: Authentication and Valuation: Consulting with reputable philatelic experts or societies can provide valuable insights into authenticity and market value.
Tip 6: Building a Focused Collection: Concentrating on a specific theme, such as a particular president, time period, or type of cancellation, can provide a more rewarding collecting experience.
Tip 7: Research and Knowledge: Continuously expanding knowledge of postal history, printing techniques, and market trends is crucial for informed collecting decisions.
By adhering to these guidelines, collectors can cultivate a meaningful and potentially valuable collection that reflects the rich history of American postal services and provides a tangible connection to the past. These practices ensure the preservation of these historical artifacts for future generations.
This foundational knowledge empowers collectors to appreciate the nuances of these historical artifacts and make informed decisions about acquisition and preservation. It paves the way for a deeper understanding of the broader context of nineteenth-century philately.
1. Rutherford B. Hayes
Rutherford B. Hayes, the nineteenth President of the United States, holds a direct connection to the eleven-cent stamp bearing his likeness. Issued in 1877, this stamp serves as a tangible representation of his presidency and its place within American history. Understanding Hayes’s background and administration provides crucial context for appreciating the stamp’s significance.
- Presidency (1877-1881)
Hayes’s single term was marked by significant events, including the end of Reconstruction and the beginning of reforms within the civil service. The stamp’s issuance coincided with the start of his presidency, reflecting the contemporary practice of featuring the current president on postage.
- Public Image
Hayes cultivated an image of integrity and reform. This image, projected through various media including postage stamps, contributed to the public’s perception of his administration and its policies. The stamp served as a small but ubiquitous reminder of the president and his agenda.
- Historical Context
The late nineteenth century witnessed significant social and political changes in the United States. The stamp, as an artifact of this period, offers insights into the era’s visual culture, printing technologies, and communication systems.
- Philatelic Significance
The eleven-cent Hayes stamp, as part of a definitive series, saw widespread use for standard postage. Its availability, coupled with variations in printing and condition, makes it a collectible item among philatelists. The stamp’s value derives not only from its historical connection but also from its place within the larger narrative of American postal history.
These facets of Hayes’s life and presidency intertwine to provide a comprehensive understanding of the eleven-cent stamp’s significance. The stamp transcends its function as mere postage; it acts as a historical marker, reflecting the political landscape, technological advancements, and cultural climate of the late nineteenth century. For collectors and historians alike, the stamp provides a tangible link to a pivotal period in American history.
2. 1877 Issue
The “1877 Issue” denotes the year the Hayes series of postage stamps, including the eleven-cent denomination, was released by the United States Post Office Department. This date holds significance as it marks the beginning of this particular design’s circulation and establishes its historical context within American philately. The 1877 issue replaced the preceding series featuring Abraham Lincoln, reflecting the standard practice of updating postage with the current president’s likeness. This transition underscores the intersection of political representation and postal communication in the late nineteenth century. The 1877 issue coincided with the beginning of Rutherford B. Hayes’s presidency, further solidifying the stamp’s association with his administration.
The 1877 issue comprised several denominations, each serving specific postal rate requirements. The eleven-cent stamp fulfilled the standard first-class letter rate for domestic mail. This widespread usage resulted in a substantial number of these stamps entering circulation, contributing to their availability among collectors today. Variations within the 1877 issue, such as different paper types, perforations, and shades of ink, add complexity and nuance for philatelic study. Distinguishing these variations requires careful observation and reference to specialized catalogs. Examples of these variations might include differences in shade, ranging from deep blue to a lighter, almost grayish blue, and variations in the perforations around the stamp edges. Understanding these subtle differences allows collectors to categorize and appreciate the range within the 1877 issue.
Knowledge of the 1877 issue proves crucial for accurately identifying and assessing the eleven-cent Hayes stamp. This information provides a foundation for determining a stamp’s authenticity, condition, and potential value. Furthermore, recognizing the historical context of the 1877 issue allows collectors to connect individual stamps to broader themes of presidential history, postal rate development, and printing technologies of the era. This contextualization enhances understanding and appreciation for seemingly small artifacts like postage stamps, revealing their significance as historical documents and windows into the past. The challenges in studying the 1877 issue include identifying forged or altered stamps and accurately differentiating between genuine variations. Addressing these challenges requires meticulous research and consultation with philatelic experts.
3. Eleven cents face value
The “eleven cents face value” designation is integral to understanding the 1877 Hayes stamp. This specific denomination dictated the stamp’s intended postal use and provides crucial context for its historical and philatelic significance. Examining the implications of this face value reveals insights into postal rates, economic conditions, and the stamp’s role within the broader context of nineteenth-century communication.
- First-Class Postage Rate
Eleven cents represented the standard first-class postage rate for a single ounce letter within the United States during the period the Hayes stamp circulated. This rate, established by the Post Office Department, reflected the costs associated with handling, transporting, and delivering mail. The eleven-cent face value directly linked the Hayes stamp to this essential postal service.
- Economic Context
The eleven-cent rate offers a glimpse into the economic landscape of the late nineteenth century. Postal rates reflected broader economic trends, including inflation and transportation costs. Analyzing these rates alongside other economic indicators provides a deeper understanding of the period’s financial climate. Moreover, the affordability of postage influenced the accessibility of written communication for the general public.
- Philatelic Implications
The eleven-cent Hayes stamp’s widespread use for standard mail resulted in a relatively large number of these stamps being produced and circulated. This abundance influences the stamp’s availability and value within the philatelic market today. While not as rare as some other denominations or varieties, the eleven-cent Hayes stamp remains a collectible item, particularly when found in pristine condition or with unique postmarks.
- Postal History Context
Examining the eleven-cent rate alongside historical postal records reveals insights into mail volume and patterns of communication during the Hayes administration. Understanding the types of mail typically sent with eleven-cent postageletters, invoices, or other documentsprovides a richer understanding of how individuals and businesses used the postal service during this period.
The eleven-cent face value of the Hayes stamp is more than a simple numerical designation; it provides a key for unlocking a deeper understanding of the stamp’s historical, economic, and philatelic significance. By considering this seemingly minor detail, one gains access to a wealth of information about late nineteenth-century America, from postal operations to economic realities and the role of written communication in society. The eleven-cent face value connects the stamp to the broader narrative of American postal history, highlighting its place within the evolution of communication systems.
4. Definitive postage
The term “definitive postage” distinguishes stamps intended for regular, everyday use from commemorative issues or special-purpose stamps. The 11-cent Hayes stamp falls squarely into this category. Definitive issues typically feature a standard design, often portraying national symbols, historical figures, or allegorical representations. Their primary function lies in meeting the ongoing postal needs of a nation, ensuring consistent availability for standard mail. The Hayes stamp, as a definitive issue, served this essential purpose during its circulation period, facilitating the flow of everyday correspondence and business transactions across the United States. This contrasts with commemorative stamps, released to mark specific events or anniversaries, which are typically printed in limited quantities and intended for collectors rather than regular mail usage. Definitive stamps, due to their continuous use, provide valuable insights into postal rates and communication practices of a particular era.
The practical implication of the Hayes stamp’s designation as definitive postage lies in its widespread production and use. This widespread circulation makes the stamp readily accessible to collectors today. The abundance of surviving examples, however, necessitates careful consideration of condition and any distinguishing features, such as cancellations or printing variations, when assessing a stamp’s value. For example, an 11-cent Hayes stamp with a clear cancellation from a historically significant city or event might hold more value than an identically printed stamp with a common or illegible cancellation. Furthermore, specialized catalogs often document subtle variations in shade or perforation within definitive issues, which can further impact collectibility. The 11-cent Hayes stamp exemplifies how a definitive issue can offer a tangible connection to everyday life in the past, revealing details about postal rates, printing technologies, and even the cultural preferences of a particular time.
Understanding the distinction between definitive and commemorative postage is crucial for accurately interpreting the 11-cent Hayes stamp’s place within postal history. Its role as a workhorse of daily communication during the Hayes administration underscores its historical significance. Challenges in studying definitive issues often involve identifying minor variations and assessing condition due to their high usage rates. However, meticulous examination and research, aided by philatelic resources, can reveal valuable nuances within these seemingly common stamps, providing a deeper understanding of their historical and cultural context. The 11-cent Hayes stamp, viewed through the lens of its definitive purpose, provides a tangible link to the daily lives and communication practices of Americans in the late nineteenth century.
5. Engraved design
The 11-cent Hayes stamp, like many of its contemporaries, employed an engraved design. This intricate process, dominant in security printing during the late nineteenth century, involved meticulously carving a reversed image onto a steel die. This die, under immense pressure, transferred the design onto the printing plate, ultimately impressing the image onto the paper. Engraving offered several advantages, crucial for postage stamp production. The resulting fine lines and detail made counterfeiting significantly more challenging. Furthermore, the raised, tactile nature of the engraved image enhanced the stamp’s aesthetic appeal and provided a subtle security feature. The engraved design of the 11-cent Hayes stamp reflects the prevailing printing technologies of the era and contributed to both its security and its visual appeal. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing, responsible for producing U.S. postage stamps, utilized this method to ensure the integrity and quality of the nation’s postal currency. Other nations also employed engraving for their postage stamps during this period, highlighting its global prevalence as a secure and aesthetically pleasing printing technique.
The choice of engraving for the Hayes stamp had several practical implications. The detailed portrait of President Hayes, rendered through intricate lines and shading, contributed to the stamp’s visual appeal and reinforced its official status. The precision of the engraving process also allowed for the incorporation of fine details, such as lettering and ornamentation, which enhanced the stamp’s overall design. The raised texture of the engraved image provided a tactile element, further distinguishing the stamp from potential counterfeits. Examining the engraved design under magnification reveals the artistry and precision involved in its creation. Comparing the 11-cent Hayes stamp to other stamps of the era, both domestic and international, reveals the varying styles and techniques employed in engraved stamp production. For example, some stamps might feature more elaborate ornamentation or different portrait styles, reflecting the aesthetic preferences and printing capabilities of different nations.
Understanding the engraved design of the 11-cent Hayes stamp provides crucial context for its appreciation. This knowledge allows collectors and historians to recognize the stamp’s production methods, security features, and aesthetic qualities. Challenges in studying engraved stamps include differentiating genuine variations from alterations or forgeries. However, careful examination and comparison, aided by specialized catalogs and expert opinions, allow for accurate identification and authentication. Connecting the 11-cent Hayes stamp’s engraved design to the broader history of printing and security printing techniques enriches understanding of its significance as both a functional postal item and a historical artifact. The engraved design elevates the stamp beyond its utilitarian purpose, transforming it into a miniature work of art reflective of the technological and artistic capabilities of its time.
6. Philatelic importance
Philatelic importance encompasses the factors that contribute to a stamp’s value and interest within the collecting community. In the case of the 11-cent Hayes stamp, its philatelic significance derives from a confluence of historical context, production characteristics, and market dynamics. Understanding these factors allows collectors to appreciate the stamp’s unique attributes and place within the broader narrative of American postal history.
- Historical Context
Issued in 1877, the stamp coincides with the beginning of Rutherford B. Hayes’s presidency, connecting it directly to a specific period in American history. This association adds historical value beyond its function as postage. The stamp serves as a tangible artifact of the Hayes administration and its era.
- Production Characteristics
Variations in printing, perforations, and paper types create distinct varieties within the 11-cent Hayes stamp issue. These variations, documented in specialized catalogs, add complexity and nuance for collectors. Identifying and acquiring these different varieties contributes to the challenge and reward of philatelic pursuits. For example, stamps printed with a darker shade of blue are often more desirable than those with a lighter shade. Similarly, variations in the gauge of perforations can distinguish different print runs.
- Rarity and Condition
While the 11-cent Hayes stamp saw widespread use, examples in pristine, unused condition with original gum are considerably scarcer and, consequently, more valuable. Condition plays a significant role in determining a stamp’s worth. Damage, such as tears, creases, or fading, diminishes value, while well-preserved examples command higher prices. Postmarks also contribute to a stamp’s story, potentially increasing its value if the cancellation originates from a historically significant location or event. A stamp with a clear, readable cancellation from a notable city during the Hayes administration, for instance, would be more desirable than one with a smudged or common cancellation.
- Market Dynamics
Collector demand, influenced by factors like historical significance, rarity, and condition, drives the market value of the 11-cent Hayes stamp. Auction results and dealer pricing reflect these market dynamics. Trends in collecting, such as a renewed interest in nineteenth-century U.S. stamps, can influence demand and, consequently, value. Understanding these market forces is essential for collectors seeking to acquire or sell these stamps. Consulting reputable dealers and auction catalogs provides valuable insights into current market valuations.
These interwoven factors contribute to the 11-cent Hayes stamp’s philatelic importance. Its historical association, combined with variations in production and the interplay of market forces, establishes its position within the world of stamp collecting. The stamp offers not just a glimpse into postal history, but also a tangible connection to the political and social landscape of the late nineteenth century. The ongoing study and appreciation of these factors enrich the experience of collecting and preserving these small but significant pieces of history. By understanding the confluence of these elements, collectors can develop a deeper appreciation for the nuances of philately and the enduring value of the 11-cent Hayes stamp.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding the 11-cent Hayes stamp, providing concise and informative responses.
Question 1: What distinguishes the 11-cent Hayes stamp from other stamps of the era?
The stamp’s association with President Rutherford B. Hayes, its 1877 issue date, the specific 11-cent denomination reflecting the first-class postage rate of the time, and its definitive usage for everyday mail distinguish it. Furthermore, variations in printing and condition contribute to its unique philatelic characteristics.
Question 2: How can one determine the authenticity of an 11-cent Hayes stamp?
Careful examination of the stamp’s design, paper, perforations, and gum, combined with consultation of specialized catalogs and expert opinions, assists in authentication. Comparing the stamp to known genuine examples aids in identifying potential forgeries or alterations.
Question 3: What factors influence the value of an 11-cent Hayes stamp?
Condition, including centering, color, and the presence of any flaws, significantly impacts value. Rarity, determined by factors such as printing variations and postmarks, also plays a role. Market demand, driven by collector interest, further influences a stamp’s price.
Question 4: Where can one acquire 11-cent Hayes stamps for a collection?
Reputable stamp dealers, online marketplaces specializing in philatelic materials, and stamp auctions offer avenues for acquisition. Careful research and due diligence are recommended when purchasing from any source.
Question 5: How should one store and preserve an 11-cent Hayes stamp to maintain its condition?
Archival-quality stamp albums and mounts protect stamps from humidity, light, and pests. Storing albums in a cool, dry, and stable environment helps preserve stamps and prevent deterioration.
Question 6: What resources are available for further research on the 11-cent Hayes stamp and related philatelic topics?
Specialized stamp catalogs, philatelic societies, online forums, and library resources offer extensive information. Consulting with experienced collectors and philatelic experts can provide valuable insights.
Understanding these key aspects facilitates informed collecting decisions and fosters a deeper appreciation for the 11-cent Hayes stamp’s significance within American postal and political history.
Further exploration might include researching the broader context of 19th-century philately, investigating specific printing variations of the Hayes stamp, or delving into the life and presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes himself.
Conclusion
This exploration of the 11-cent Hayes stamp has illuminated its multifaceted significance. From its function as definitive postage reflecting the standard letter rate of 1877, to its embodiment of engraving techniques and its connection to Rutherford B. Hayes’s presidency, the stamp emerges as a microcosm of late nineteenth-century America. Its philatelic importance derives from the interplay of historical context, production variations, condition, and market dynamics, offering collectors a tangible piece of the past. The stamp’s readily available status allows for widespread appreciation of its historical and cultural context.
The 11-cent Hayes stamp stands as a testament to the power of small artifacts to illuminate larger historical narratives. Further research and dedicated preservation efforts ensure these pieces continue to provide insights into communication systems, economic realities, and political landscapes of bygone eras. Continued study promises to deepen understanding and appreciation for this unassuming yet historically significant artifact. Its readily accessible nature encourages ongoing engagement with the rich tapestry of American history.
