The first United States postage stamp issued for general use featured Benjamin Franklin’s portrait and was denominated one cent. This iconic stamp, initially released in 1847, became a cornerstone of early American postal communication. Engraved by the Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, and Edson firm, it showcased a youthful likeness of Franklin based on a bust by French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon. Often referred to as the “first issue” or “1847 issue,” it exemplifies the nation’s recognition of Franklin’s contributions to postal services and the importance of accessible communication for a growing democracy.
The introduction of this inexpensive, pre-paid postage revolutionized communication in the United States. Previously, recipients often bore the cost of delivery, a system that hindered widespread correspondence. The readily available one-cent stamp made letter-writing affordable for the average citizen, fostering personal and commercial connections across the expanding nation. It symbolized the democratization of information and fostered economic growth through improved communication efficiency. Moreover, the choice of Franklin, a founding father deeply involved in establishing the early postal system, underscored the historical significance of this development.
Further exploration into the design variations, printing methods, and usage of this seminal stamp can offer a richer understanding of its impact on postal history, printing technology, and American culture. Additionally, studying the evolution of subsequent stamp issues reveals the ongoing legacy of this pioneering one-cent denomination and its role in shaping communication infrastructure.
Collecting and Identifying the 1847 One-Cent Franklin
Careful examination and research are essential for collectors of the 1847 one-cent Franklin stamp. Due to its age and variations, authenticating and assessing condition require attention to specific details.
Tip 1: Examine the Perforations: Genuine 1847 issues have perforations, small holes punched around the stamp to aid in separation. Counterfeit or reproduced stamps may lack these or exhibit different perforation patterns. A perforation gauge can be used for accurate measurement.
Tip 2: Analyze the Ink Color: The original stamps were printed in a distinct shade of brown. Variations in ink color can indicate a different printing or a potential forgery. Comparing the shade to certified examples is recommended.
Tip 3: Study the Paper Type: The paper used for the original stamps possesses specific characteristics. Careful examination under magnification can reveal differences in texture and fiber content compared to later reproductions.
Tip 4: Consult Specialized Catalogs: Reputable philatelic catalogs provide detailed information on the various types and subtypes of the 1847 issue, including known plate flaws and variations. These resources are invaluable for accurate identification.
Tip 5: Seek Expert Authentication: For valuable or potentially rare examples, professional authentication by a recognized philatelic society or expert is highly recommended. This provides a certificate of authenticity and verifies the stamp’s condition.
Following these guidelines enhances one’s ability to identify genuine 1847 one-cent Franklin stamps and appreciate their historical and philatelic significance. Careful attention to these details enables collectors to build informed collections and contribute to the preservation of postal history.
By understanding the nuances of identifying and authenticating these stamps, collectors can engage with the material history of early American communication in a meaningful way.
1. Portrait of Benjamin Franklin
The portrait of Benjamin Franklin on the 1847 one-cent stamp is more than just a likeness; it represents a deliberate choice that connects the stamp to the historical development of the American postal system. Franklin’s integral role in shaping early postal infrastructure made his image a fitting emblem for this pivotal development in communication.
- Symbolic Representation
Franklin’s image functions as a symbol of his contributions to postal services. As Postmaster General under the Continental Congress and later Deputy Postmaster General for the British colonies, he implemented significant improvements, including establishing new routes and increasing efficiency. The portrait, therefore, links the stamp to this legacy, emphasizing the historical continuity of postal development.
- Source Image
The portrait on the stamp is based on a bust created by French sculptor Jean-Antoine Houdon. This particular likeness depicts a younger Franklin, a choice potentially intended to convey a sense of innovation and forward-thinking, aligning with the transformative impact of the new postal system. Choosing Houdon’s sculpture adds another layer of artistic and historical significance to the stamp’s design.
- National Iconography
Franklin’s image, already recognizable as a Founding Father, contributed to the stamp’s acceptance and usage. His familiar face lent authority and trustworthiness to the new form of pre-paid postage, encouraging public confidence in the system. This use of a recognizable national figure reinforced the importance of the stamp as a symbol of American identity.
- Enduring Legacy
The choice of Franklin’s portrait established a precedent for future American stamps, many of which feature prominent historical figures. This practice underscores the role of stamps as carriers of national narratives and historical memory. The 1847 issue, in featuring Franklin, inaugurated this tradition of using portraiture to connect postage to the broader sweep of American history.
The selection of Franklin’s portrait for the first widely circulated US postage stamp solidifies the connection between the individual, the innovation, and the historical context. It transforms the stamp from a simple piece of postal ephemera into a tangible representation of American ingenuity and the ongoing evolution of communication infrastructure.
2. One-Cent Denomination
The one-cent denomination of the 1847 Benjamin Franklin stamp played a crucial role in its widespread adoption and impact. This affordability directly influenced the accessibility and democratization of postal services in the United States, fostering broader communication practices across socioeconomic strata.
- Accessibility
The low cost of a one-cent stamp made letter writing and mailing accessible to a wider public. Previously, postage costs often burdened recipients, discouraging frequent correspondence. The one-cent stamp removed this financial barrier, enabling greater participation in written communication across economic classes. This facilitated personal correspondence, business transactions, and the dissemination of information across the expanding nation.
- Democratization of Information
The affordable postage facilitated the wider circulation of newspapers, periodicals, and other printed materials. This contributed to a more informed citizenry and supported the growth of a robust public discourse. The accessibility of information empowered individuals and communities, furthering democratic ideals.
- Commercial Growth
The one-cent stamp facilitated business communication, enabling easier and more frequent exchange of information related to commerce and trade. This facilitated economic expansion by streamlining transactions and reducing communication costs. The resulting efficiency boosted overall economic growth and development.
- Postal System Revenue
While the individual cost was low, the high volume of one-cent stamps generated significant revenue for the burgeoning postal service. This income supported infrastructure development, expansion of routes, and improvements in service. The one-cent stamp, therefore, contributed directly to the financial viability and growth of the postal system itself.
The one-cent denomination of the 1847 stamp was not merely a face value; it was a catalyst for social, political, and economic change. By making communication affordable, it fueled broader participation in the exchange of information, fostering a more connected and informed society and contributing significantly to the development of the United States.
3. 1847 First Issue
The designation “1847 first issue” holds significant relevance for the Ben Franklin one-cent stamp, signifying its place as the inaugural postage stamp issued for general use in the United States. This distinction sets it apart in philatelic history and provides a framework for understanding its design, production, and cultural impact.
- Historical Context
The 1847 issue marked a pivotal moment in American communication history. Before adhesive postage stamps, postal rates were complex and often paid by the recipient. The introduction of pre-paid stamps simplified the system, making communication more accessible and affordable. The 1847 issue initiated this transformative shift.
- Production and Design
The 1847 stamps were produced using the relatively new process of line engraving, a technique that contributed to the detailed portrait of Benjamin Franklin. The choice of Franklin, a key figure in early postal development, further underscored the stamp’s historical significance. The design elements, including the denomination and portrait, became hallmarks of subsequent US postage.
- Philatelic Significance
As the first general issue, the 1847 one-cent Franklin holds a unique position for collectors. Its rarity, combined with its historical importance, makes it a highly sought-after item. Variations in printing, perforations, and cancellations further contribute to its collectible value and provide insights into early postal practices.
- Cultural Impact
The 1847 issue represents a significant cultural shift, symbolizing the democratization of communication in the United States. The affordability and ease of use facilitated personal and commercial correspondence, contributing to a more connected society. The stamp itself became an icon of early American communication and a testament to the power of efficient postal services.
Understanding the 1847 first issue provides crucial context for appreciating the Ben Franklin one-cent stamps enduring legacy. Its introduction marked not only a technical advancement in postal services but also a profound social and cultural transformation, shaping communication practices and leaving an indelible mark on American history.
4. Blackish Brown Ink
The blackish brown ink used for the 1847 one-cent Benjamin Franklin stamp serves as a critical identifying feature and provides insights into the printing processes of the era. This specific ink color, distinct from later issues, is essential for authentication and contributes to the stamp’s value and historical significance. Color variations or deviations can indicate different print runs, forgeries, or later reproductions, highlighting the importance of ink analysis in philatelic study.
The ink’s composition influenced its appearance and longevity. Early stamps utilized inks based on naturally derived pigments and binders. These materials could react to environmental factors over time, resulting in subtle color shifts or fading. Understanding the chemical properties of the original ink aids in distinguishing genuine stamps from counterfeits, which may employ different ink formulations. For instance, comparing the color saturation and tone of a stamp against verified examples from the same period assists in assessing authenticity. This emphasizes the connection between material science and philatelic scholarship.
The blackish brown ink, seemingly a minor detail, acts as a window into the production and history of the 1847 issue. Its chemical composition, color variations, and response to aging provide valuable data for authenticating and understanding these stamps. This knowledge empowers collectors and historians to accurately assess a stamp’s provenance and appreciate its place within the larger narrative of early American postal communication. Recognizing the significance of the ink underscores the importance of meticulous observation and scientific analysis in preserving and interpreting historical artifacts.
5. Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, & Edson
Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, & Edson (RWH&E), a prominent New York City banknote engraving firm of the mid-19th century, holds a crucial position in the history of the one-cent Benjamin Franklin stamp. Commissioned by the United States government, RWH&E engraved the dies used to produce this iconic stamp, forever linking the firm to a landmark moment in American postal and printing history.
- Engraving Expertise
RWH&E possessed the sophisticated engraving skills and printing technology required to create the intricate design of the one-cent stamp. Their expertise in security printing for banknotes translated well to stamp production, ensuring a high-quality, difficult-to-counterfeit product. This expertise was critical in establishing public trust in the new pre-paid postage system.
- Die Production
The firm meticulously engraved the dies, the metal plates used to transfer the stamp’s design onto the printing plates. These dies required precision and artistry to capture the detailed portrait of Benjamin Franklin and other design elements. The quality of RWH&E’s die work directly influenced the final appearance and longevity of the stamps. The surviving dies offer valuable insights into the printing processes of the time.
- Contractual Relationship with the Post Office
RWH&E’s contract with the Post Office Department represented a significant undertaking for the firm and solidified its position as a leading engraver. The contract stipulated specific design elements, production quantities, and security measures, highlighting the importance of both technical skill and contractual obligations in the stamp’s creation. The agreement itself provides historical documentation of the production process and the relationship between the government and private enterprise.
- Legacy in Philately
RWH&E’s association with the first US postage stamp cemented its place in philatelic history. The firm’s name, often abbreviated as RWH&E within philatelic circles, is intrinsically linked to the 1847 issue and signifies its importance within the field. The stamps produced from their dies remain highly collectible, a testament to the firm’s contribution to postal history.
Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, & Edson’s role in producing the one-cent Benjamin Franklin stamp transcends mere printing; it represents a convergence of artistic skill, technological innovation, and historical significance. Their contribution stands as a reminder of the importance of printing technology in facilitating communication and shaping history. The firms legacy remains inextricably bound to this iconic stamp, a testament to the enduring impact of their craftsmanship on American culture and postal history.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding the 1847 one-cent Benjamin Franklin stamp, offering concise and informative responses.
Question 1: What makes the 1847 one-cent stamp historically significant?
It represents the first adhesive postage stamp issued for general use in the United States, marking a pivotal moment in the history of American communication.
Question 2: Why does the stamp feature Benjamin Franklin?
Franklin played a significant role in developing the early American postal system, serving as Postmaster General under the Continental Congress. His image commemorates his contributions to this essential service.
Question 3: How was the stamp produced?
The stamp was produced using the line engraving method by the firm Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, & Edson. This process involved meticulously engraving dies, which were then used to create printing plates.
Question 4: How can one identify a genuine 1847 one-cent stamp?
Key features include the blackish brown ink, the specific perforation pattern, and the paper type. Consulting specialized catalogs and seeking expert authentication are recommended for valuable examples.
Question 5: What factors influence the value of an 1847 one-cent stamp?
Condition, including centering, margins, and the presence of cancellations, significantly impacts value. Rarity, determined by factors like plate varieties and printing errors, also plays a crucial role.
Question 6: Where can one learn more about these stamps?
Philatelic societies, museums, and reputable stamp dealers offer resources and expertise for further exploration. Specialized catalogs and online databases provide detailed information for collectors and researchers.
Understanding these key aspects of the 1847 one-cent Benjamin Franklin stamp fosters a deeper appreciation for its historical, cultural, and philatelic significance. Further research can provide a richer understanding of its impact on American communication and the evolution of postal systems.
Further sections of this resource will explore related topics, including the evolution of subsequent stamp issues and the broader context of American postal history.
The Enduring Legacy of the 1847 One-Cent Franklin
This exploration has highlighted the multifaceted significance of the 1847 one-cent stamp featuring Benjamin Franklin. From its design, featuring a portrait based on Houdon’s bust, to its production by Rawdon, Wright, Hatch, & Edson, this stamp embodies a pivotal moment in American communication history. Its affordability revolutionized postal services, democratizing access to information and fostering both personal and commercial connections across the expanding nation. The stamp’s distinctive blackish brown ink and its status as the first general issue further enhance its philatelic importance.
The 1847 one-cent Franklin remains more than a simple postage stamp; it stands as a tangible symbol of innovation, representing a transformative period in American history. Further investigation into the intricacies of stamp collecting, printing techniques, and postal history offers continued opportunities to uncover deeper layers of meaning embedded within this small yet powerful artifact. Its enduring legacy serves as a reminder of the profound impact of efficient communication on societal development and the ongoing evolution of connecting a nation.
