This postage, issued in 1881 shortly after the president’s assassination, features a portrait of the 20th U.S. president. It represents a specific period in American history and philately. Examples can be found in varying conditions, impacting their value among collectors.
The stamp serves as a historical artifact reflecting the nation’s mourning and remembrance of a fallen leader. Its release coincided with a surge in interest in philately, further contributing to its significance. Condition, including centering, color, and cancellation marks, plays a crucial role in determining its worth. This piece of postal history offers insights into printing techniques and design elements of 19th-century stamps.
Further exploration into this topic might include examining the stamp’s production process, its role within larger Garfield memorabilia collections, and its current market value. Additional areas of study could involve the history of 19th-century postage or the life and presidency of James A. Garfield himself.
Tips for Collectors
Acquiring and preserving these pieces of postal history requires careful consideration. The following tips offer guidance for both novice and experienced collectors.
Tip 1: Assess Condition: Carefully examine the stamp for any flaws. Centering, color vibrancy, and clear cancellation marks significantly impact value. A well-centered stamp with vibrant, unfaded color is generally more desirable.
Tip 2: Research Pricing: Consult reputable stamp catalogs and auction records to understand the current market value for similar examples. Prices can fluctuate based on condition and demand.
Tip 3: Handle with Care: Use stamp tongs to avoid transferring oils and fingerprints, which can damage the stamp over time. Direct contact should be minimized.
Tip 4: Proper Storage: Store the stamp in a protective album or mount within an acid-free environment to prevent deterioration from light, humidity, and environmental pollutants.
Tip 5: Authentication: For high-value examples, consider obtaining a certificate of authenticity from a recognized philatelic expertizing service. This verifies the stamp’s genuineness.
Tip 6: Understand Variations: Be aware of different printings and varieties that can exist, such as shades of color or perforation differences. These variations can impact a stamp’s rarity and value.
By adhering to these guidelines, collectors can build valuable and well-preserved collections. Careful attention to detail and proper handling ensure these historical artifacts remain in excellent condition for future generations.
These tips provide a starting point for navigating the world of philately and building a meaningful collection. Further research and engagement within the collecting community can deepen understanding and appreciation.
1. 1881 Issuance
The 1881 issuance of the 20-cent James Garfield stamp holds significant historical context. President Garfield’s assassination in September 1881, just months into his term, prompted a national outpouring of grief. The subsequent release of the stamp served not only a postal function but also as a symbolic representation of national mourning and remembrance. This timing directly links the stamp’s release to a pivotal moment in American history, imbuing it with added meaning beyond its face value.
The relatively short period between Garfield’s death and the stamp’s issuance underscores the urgency with which it was produced. This rapid production likely contributed to variations in printing and quality observed among extant examples. The 1881 date itself serves as a key identifier for collectors, distinguishing this particular issue from later Garfield stamps and contributing to its value and historical relevance. Understanding the historical context surrounding the 1881 issuance allows collectors to appreciate the stamp not just as a philatelic item but as a tangible piece of American history. For example, stamps with cancellation marks from 1881 offer a glimpse into postal operations during that period.
In summary, the 1881 issuance of the 20-cent Garfield stamp inextricably links it to the president’s assassination and the national mood of the time. This historical context significantly contributes to the stamp’s value and interest among collectors. Recognizing the 1881 date as a defining characteristic allows for more nuanced understanding and appreciation of this significant piece of philatelic and American history. Further research into postal records from 1881 could offer additional insights into the stamp’s distribution and usage following its release.
2. Engraved Portrait
The engraved portrait on the 1881 20-cent James Garfield stamp represents a significant aspect of its production and historical context. Engraving, a dominant printing method during the 19th century, involved meticulously carving an image onto a metal plate. This process resulted in fine detail and crisp lines, evident in the intricate rendering of Garfield’s likeness. The choice of engraving reflects the prevailing printing technology of the era and contributes to the stamp’s distinct visual character. Compared to later printing methods, the engraved portrait adds a tactile quality and a sense of craftsmanship, enhancing its aesthetic and historical value. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing, responsible for producing United States postage stamps, employed skilled engravers to create these detailed portraits.
The engraved portrait’s importance extends beyond its technical execution. It serves as the central design element, immediately conveying the stamp’s subject and purpose. The portrait’s solemnity reflects the national mood following Garfield’s assassination, further connecting the stamp to its historical moment. The specific depiction of Garfield, based on existing photographs, contributes to the stamp’s authenticity and historical accuracy. Moreover, the engraved portrait provides a focal point for assessing the stamp’s condition. Factors such as ink coverage, sharpness of lines, and overall clarity of the portrait contribute significantly to a stamp’s grade and value among collectors. Variations in the engraving process, although subtle, can also create distinct varieties sought after by philatelists.
In summary, the engraved portrait on the 1881 20-cent Garfield stamp represents more than just a visual depiction. It reflects the printing technology of the time, contributes to the stamp’s historical significance, and serves as a key factor in assessing condition and value. Understanding the role and characteristics of the engraved portrait provides essential context for appreciating this historical artifact within the broader context of 19th-century printing and philately. Further research into the specific engraving techniques employed and the engravers involved could provide deeper insights into the stamp’s production and artistic merit. Additionally, comparing the engraved portrait with photographic sources from the period can illuminate the accuracy and artistic interpretation inherent in the stamp’s design.
3. Mourning Period Release
The release of the James Garfield 20-cent stamp occurred within a national mourning period following his assassination in September 1881. This context significantly shaped public perception of the stamp and contributed to its historical significance. Understanding this timeframe provides crucial insight into the stamp’s purpose and its reception within American society. The following facets explore the connection between the mourning period and the stamp’s release.
- Public Sentiment and Demand
National grief following Garfield’s death fueled public interest in commemorating his legacy. The stamp, bearing his portrait, provided a tangible and accessible means for citizens to express their respect and remembrance. This surge in demand likely contributed to the stamp’s widespread circulation and its enduring presence in collections today. Newspaper articles and personal correspondence from the period could offer further insight into the public’s emotional response to the stamp’s release.
- Symbolic Representation
The stamp transcended its postal function, becoming a symbol of national unity and mourning. Its release during the mourning period imbued it with added meaning, transforming it into a miniature memorial for the fallen president. This symbolic weight contributed to the stamp’s perceived value and its careful preservation by individuals and families. Comparing the Garfield stamp to other memorial stamps issued after the deaths of prominent figures could reveal common themes and design elements.
- Historical Contextualization
The stamp’s release date serves as a historical marker, forever associating it with the events of 1881. This contextualization adds a layer of historical significance to the stamp, distinguishing it from later issues and emphasizing its connection to a specific moment in time. Researching postal records and government documents related to the stamp’s production and distribution could offer additional historical context.
- Philatelic Significance
The mourning period surrounding the stamp’s release significantly impacted its philatelic importance. The combination of historical context, public sentiment, and symbolic representation elevated the stamp’s status within the collecting community. This heightened interest contributed to its long-term value and its continued study by philatelists. Analyzing auction records and catalog listings for the 1881 Garfield stamp can provide insights into its fluctuating value over time.
In conclusion, the mourning period following Garfield’s assassination inextricably links the 20-cent stamp to a specific moment of national grief and remembrance. This context significantly shaped the stamp’s reception, its symbolic meaning, and its enduring legacy within philately. Further exploration of primary sources from the period can provide a richer understanding of the stamp’s impact on American society during this time of national mourning.
4. Philatelic Importance
The 1881 20-cent Garfield stamp holds significant philatelic importance due to a confluence of factors related to its historical context, production, and rarity. Issued shortly after President Garfield’s assassination, the stamp became a focal point for collectors, intertwining historical significance with philatelic interest. This convergence elevated the stamp’s status beyond a mere postal artifact, transforming it into a sought-after collectible. The limited timeframe of its production and subsequent replacement by a new design further contribute to its scarcity and desirability among philatelists.
Several key factors underpin the stamp’s philatelic importance. The engraving process, a hallmark of 19th-century stamp production, adds to its aesthetic and historical value. Variations in printing and shades, common during this era, create distinct varieties that collectors actively seek. The stamp’s association with a pivotal moment in American historythe assassination of a presidentamplifies its significance within philatelic circles. For example, stamps postmarked during the mourning period or from specific regions hold particular historical and philatelic value. Furthermore, the existence of forged or altered examples underscores the importance of authentication and expert evaluation, further contributing to the complexity and intrigue surrounding this stamp. The Garfield stamp serves as a prime example of how historical events can significantly impact a stamp’s desirability and value within the philatelic community.
Understanding the philatelic importance of the 1881 20-cent Garfield stamp requires considering its historical context, production techniques, and the development of philately as a field of study. The stamp’s rarity, coupled with its association with a significant historical event, has solidified its position as a key item in many collections. Challenges in authentication and condition assessment contribute to the ongoing scholarly discussion and market value fluctuations. Ultimately, the Garfield stamp offers a valuable case study for understanding how historical, technical, and cultural factors intersect to shape philatelic importance and influence collecting practices. This understanding further emphasizes the stamp’s role as a tangible link to a specific historical moment and its enduring significance within the broader narrative of American history and philately.
5. Varied Conditions Exist
The 1881 20-cent James Garfield stamp exists in a range of conditions, significantly impacting each example’s value and historical relevance. Factors influencing condition include handling, storage, and environmental exposure over time. Understanding these variations is crucial for collectors and historians alike. Careful examination reveals nuances that differentiate stamps and provide insights into their individual journeys through time.
- Centering
Centering refers to the position of the printed design within the stamp’s perforated margins. A well-centered stamp, with even margins on all sides, is highly desirable. Off-center examples, where the design is closer to one or more edges, are less valuable. The degree of misalignment directly impacts a stamp’s grade and price. Centering variations arise from inconsistencies in the printing and perforating processes.
- Color and Fading
The original color of the Garfield stamp was a rich brown. However, exposure to light and environmental factors can cause fading, resulting in variations from dark brown to pale, washed-out hues. Stamps retaining their original vibrant color command higher prices. Color variations can also be attributed to different printing runs or ink batches used during production.
- Cancellation Marks
Cancellation marks, applied by postal authorities to prevent reuse, provide valuable historical context. Clear, legible cancellations documenting specific dates and locations add to a stamp’s historical value. Heavy or smeared cancellations can detract from its aesthetic appeal and, consequently, its value. Different cancellation types and markings can be linked to specific post offices and historical periods.
- Paper and Gum
The type of paper and gum used in the stamp’s production can also affect its condition. Thin or brittle paper is more susceptible to damage, while original gum, if present and undisturbed, adds value. Regummed stamps, where the original gum has been replaced, are generally less desirable. Variations in paper and gum can be attributed to different production batches and storage conditions.
The varied conditions of extant 1881 20-cent James Garfield stamps provide a tangible link to the past, offering insights into printing processes, postal history, and individual stamp journeys. These variations significantly impact value and collectibility, making careful condition assessment a crucial aspect of philatelic study. Recognizing these nuanced differences allows collectors and historians to appreciate the unique characteristics of each stamp and its contribution to the broader narrative surrounding this historical artifact.
6. Collectible Value
Collectible value associated with the 1881 20-cent James Garfield stamp derives from a confluence of historical significance, rarity, and condition. Issued shortly after President Garfield’s assassination, the stamp became imbued with historical weight, transforming it from a utilitarian postal item into a collectible artifact. This historical context forms the bedrock of its value, driving demand among collectors interested in tangible pieces of American history. Rarity, influenced by the limited production period and subsequent replacement with a new design, further amplifies collectible value. Unlike mass-produced modern stamps, the 1881 Garfield stamp exists in a finite quantity, increasing its desirability among philatelists.
Condition plays a crucial role in determining the value of individual stamps. Factors such as centering, color vibrancy, and the presence of clear, legible cancellation marks significantly influence price. A well-centered stamp with vivid color and a light cancellation mark commands a premium compared to an off-center, faded example with a heavy or smeared cancellation. For example, an 1881 20-cent Garfield stamp graded as “very fine” by a professional philatelic grading service can fetch hundreds or even thousands of dollars, while a damaged or poorly centered example might be valued at a fraction of that price. This variance underscores the importance of careful condition assessment when evaluating collectible value. Authentication also plays a crucial role, as counterfeit or altered stamps exist. Verification by reputable expertizing services provides assurance of authenticity and can significantly impact a stamp’s market value.
Understanding the interplay of historical context, rarity, and condition provides essential context for evaluating the collectible value of the 1881 20-cent Garfield stamp. While historical significance provides a foundation for value, rarity and condition introduce variables that significantly influence price. This understanding allows collectors to make informed decisions and appreciate the nuances that contribute to a stamp’s market value and its place within philatelic history. The stamp’s enduring appeal reflects its status as a tangible piece of American history, connecting collectors to a pivotal moment in the nation’s past. Challenges in authentication and condition assessment contribute to the ongoing dynamism of the market, reminding collectors of the importance of due diligence and careful research when evaluating these historical artifacts.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding the 1881 20-cent James Garfield stamp, providing concise and informative responses.
Question 1: What makes this stamp historically significant?
Its issuance shortly after President Garfield’s assassination links it directly to a pivotal moment in American history, transforming it from a simple postage item into a symbol of national mourning and remembrance.
Question 2: How can one determine the value of a specific example?
Value depends on a combination of factors, including condition (centering, color, cancellation marks), rarity, and market demand. Consulting reputable stamp catalogs, auction records, and professional appraisers can provide accurate valuations.
Question 3: Are there different varieties of this stamp?
Variations exist due to inconsistencies in the 19th-century printing process. These include differences in shades of brown, perforation types, and minor variations in the engraved portrait. Specialized catalogs document these varieties, which can impact a stamp’s rarity and value.
Question 4: How should this stamp be stored to preserve its condition?
Storage in an acid-free environment, away from direct sunlight and humidity fluctuations, is crucial for preservation. Protective mounts and acid-free albums are recommended. Handling with stamp tongs prevents damage from fingerprints and oils.
Question 5: How can one ensure a stamp’s authenticity?
For high-value examples, authentication by a recognized philatelic expertizing service is recommended. These services employ expert analysis to verify a stamp’s genuineness and provide certification.
Question 6: Where can one acquire this stamp for a collection?
Reputable stamp dealers, auction houses, and online marketplaces specializing in philatelic materials offer avenues for acquisition. Researching seller reputations and requesting certificates of authenticity are important steps in ensuring a secure purchase.
Careful consideration of these frequently asked questions provides a foundation for understanding the historical significance, collectible value, and proper care of the 1881 20-cent James Garfield stamp. Further research and engagement with philatelic resources can deepen understanding and appreciation.
Further exploration might involve researching specific aspects of 19th-century stamp production, delving into the life and presidency of James A. Garfield, or examining the broader context of mourning practices and memorialization in the 19th century.
Conclusion
The 1881 20-cent James Garfield stamp represents a convergence of historical significance and philatelic interest. Its issuance following President Garfield’s assassination imbues it with meaning beyond its postal function, transforming it into a tangible artifact of national mourning and remembrance. Rarity, driven by a limited production period, further enhances its collectible value. Condition, encompassing factors like centering, color vibrancy, and cancellation clarity, plays a crucial role in determining individual stamp values. Variations resulting from 19th-century printing techniques add complexity and intrigue for collectors. Understanding these facets provides a comprehensive appreciation of this historically significant philatelic item.
The Garfield stamp serves as a reminder of the interwoven nature of history and philately. It encourages further exploration of 19th-century printing methods, postal history, and the life and presidency of James A. Garfield. Careful examination of these interconnected elements fosters a deeper understanding of this artifact’s enduring significance within American history and the world of stamp collecting. Its continued presence in collections ensures the preservation of a tangible link to a pivotal moment in the nation’s past.
