The 1890 two-cent postage stamp, featuring an engraved portrait of the first U.S. President, is a notable piece of American philately. Printed in a distinctive shade of green, it belongs to the first series of U.S. postage stamps to honor an individual, marking a departure from earlier designs focused on allegorical figures. This specific stamp is easily identifiable by its color and the central vignette of Washington, based on a painting by Gilbert Stuart.
This small engraved piece of paper offers a glimpse into a historical period transitioning from the 19th to the 20th century. Its production coincided with significant advancements in printing technology and reflected the growing national identity of the United States. The stamp’s relatively low denomination suggests its common usage for everyday correspondence, making it a tangible link to the communication practices of that era. Its continued presence in collections today underscores its enduring historical significance for philatelists and historians alike.
Further exploration of this stamp reveals fascinating details about its design variations, printing process, and the context of its creation. Subsequent sections will delve into specific aspects such as watermark varieties, perforation types, and the stamp’s value in today’s market.
Tips for Evaluating a Two-Cent Green George Washington Stamp
Careful examination is crucial when assessing the two-cent green George Washington stamp. Condition significantly impacts value, and subtle variations can distinguish rare varieties from common ones. The following tips provide guidance for collectors and enthusiasts.
Tip 1: Examine the centering. A well-centered stamp, with the design equidistant from all perforations, is highly desirable. Off-center examples are less valuable.
Tip 2: Check the perforations. Gauge the perforations (the small holes punched around the stamp) using a perforation gauge. Variations exist, and specific gauges can indicate rarer varieties.
Tip 3: Assess the color. The shade of green can vary. Compare the stamp’s color to known examples in reputable philatelic resources to determine the specific shade.
Tip 4: Look for any gum. The presence and condition of original gum (adhesive) on the back of the stamp affects its value. Undisturbed, original gum is preferred.
Tip 5: Identify the watermark. Hold the stamp up to a light source to detect the watermark, which can help identify specific printings.
Tip 6: Evaluate the condition of the paper. Examine the stamp for any thinning, tears, creases, or repairs, which can significantly detract from its value.
Tip 7: Consult a reputable philatelic resource. Specialized catalogs and expert opinions can provide further information regarding specific varieties and their current market values.
By diligently considering these factors, one can gain a deeper understanding of a stamp’s condition and potential value. This knowledge empowers informed decisions for collectors pursuing specific varieties or seeking to expand their collections strategically.
Armed with these insights, collectors can confidently navigate the complexities of the philatelic market and appreciate the nuances of the two-cent green George Washington stamp.
1. Color
The green color of the 1890 two-cent George Washington stamp is a defining characteristic, integral to its identity and philatelic significance. While seemingly a simple attribute, the shade of green plays a crucial role in distinguishing this particular stamp from other issues of the period and even within its own printing variations. This specific green, often described as a yellowish-green or a slightly bluish-green depending on the printing run, is a result of the ink formulation and printing processes employed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing at the time. Variations in ink batches and printing pressures could lead to subtle, yet discernible, differences in shade, creating distinct subtypes recognizable by experienced collectors. For example, stamps from the early printings often exhibit a brighter, more vibrant green compared to later printings, which can appear slightly duller or darker.
Understanding the nuances of this green hue is crucial for accurate identification and valuation. Color guides and specialized philatelic literature provide detailed comparisons and descriptions, allowing collectors to differentiate between common shades and rarer variations. A deep emerald green, for instance, might indicate a specific printing run known for its rich color saturation, potentially increasing its value among collectors. Conversely, a faded or altered green, possibly due to environmental factors like light exposure or chemical reactions, can significantly diminish a stamp’s worth. This demonstrates the practical significance of understanding color variations within philately.
In conclusion, the green color of the two-cent George Washington stamp is more than just an aesthetic feature; it is a critical element for identification, authentication, and valuation. Recognizing the specific shade and its potential variations provides essential insights into the stamps production history and market value, underlining the importance of careful observation and detailed knowledge within the field of philately.
2. Denomination
The two-cent denomination of the 1890 George Washington stamp provides significant insight into its historical context and usage. Two cents represented a standard rate for domestic mail at the time, signifying the stamp’s role in facilitating everyday communication. This affordability contributed to its widespread circulation, making it a common sight on letters and postcards across the United States. Unlike higher denomination stamps reserved for larger packages or international mail, the two-cent Washington stamp served the daily correspondence needs of a growing nation. This widespread usage resulted in a large number of these stamps being printed and used, impacting their availability and condition in the present-day philatelic market.
The prevalence of the two-cent stamp allows researchers to glean information about postal rates and communication practices of the late 19th century. Its frequent appearance on surviving correspondence offers tangible evidence of its integral role in connecting individuals and businesses across the country. Furthermore, the volume of two-cent stamps produced created variations in printing and paper types, providing collectors with numerous sub-categories to identify and study. These variations, including different shades of green, perforation types, and watermarks, further enhance the stamp’s complexity and appeal within the philatelic community. A deeper understanding of these variations allows for a more nuanced appreciation of the stamps production and historical context. For instance, some shade variations are directly linked to specific printing runs, allowing collectors to pinpoint the origin and potential rarity of their stamps.
In summary, the two-cent denomination of this stamp is intrinsically linked to its historical significance and collectible value. It represents a tangible piece of 19th-century American communication history, while the sheer volume of stamps produced resulted in a range of collectible variations for enthusiasts. The intersection of historical context and philatelic detail elevates this seemingly simple stamp to a valuable artifact, offering insights into both postal history and the evolution of printing techniques.
3. Portrait
The portrait of George Washington on the 1890 two-cent green stamp is central to its historical and cultural significance. This depiction, derived from the iconic Athenaeum Portrait by Gilbert Stuart, solidified a particular image of Washington in the American consciousness. Analyzing the portrait’s specific features and its adaptation for the stamp format provides valuable insight into the stamp’s design and its broader historical context.
- Source Image: The Athenaeum Portrait
The stamp’s portrait is based on the unfinished Athenaeum Portrait, one of several portraits of Washington painted by Gilbert Stuart. This particular image, with its unfinished left side, became a widely recognized representation of the first president. Its selection for the stamp reinforces its iconic status and contributes to the stamp’s immediate recognizability.
- Engraving and Adaptation
Transferring the painted portrait to the stamp required a meticulous engraving process. The engraver had to translate the nuances of Stuart’s brushstrokes into a detailed, miniaturized engraving suitable for printing on a small scale. This process inevitably involved some interpretation and adaptation, resulting in subtle differences between the original painting and the stamp’s portrait.
- Symbolic Representation
The inclusion of Washington’s portrait on the stamp carries significant symbolic weight. It reinforces the association between Washington and the nascent American republic, further solidifying his image as a national hero. Placing his likeness on a commonly used item like a postage stamp served to disseminate this image widely, contributing to the construction of a national identity.
- Impact on Philately
The portrait significantly impacts the stamp’s philatelic value. Variations in the engraving, especially in early printings, can create distinct varieties sought after by collectors. Additionally, the portrait’s condition, particularly its clarity and sharpness, is a crucial factor in assessing a stamp’s overall grade and value.
The portrait of George Washington is thus more than a mere decorative element on the two-cent green stamp. It functions as a symbolic representation of American history and identity, a testament to the artistry of engraving, and a key factor in the stamp’s philatelic significance. Its presence connects a mundane piece of postal ephemera to broader historical narratives and artistic traditions, demonstrating the multifaceted nature of even seemingly simple objects.
4. Issued
The year 1890 holds significant relevance for the two-cent green George Washington stamp, marking its initial release and placement within a specific historical context. Understanding the societal, technological, and political landscape of 1890 provides crucial background for appreciating the stamp’s creation and its subsequent impact.
- Technological Advancements in Printing
1890 witnessed ongoing advancements in printing technologies, impacting the production of postage stamps. The Bureau of Engraving and Printing utilized improved engraving techniques and printing presses for the two-cent Washington, resulting in a higher quality and more consistent product compared to earlier stamp issues. This technological context helps explain the stamp’s detailed design and relatively crisp printing, even on a small scale. These advancements influenced the overall aesthetic and contributed to the stamp’s durability.
- Postal Service Developments
The postal system in the United States underwent significant expansion and modernization during the late 19th century. The two-cent rate for standard letters, reflected in the stamp’s denomination, highlights the increasing accessibility and affordability of mail services. The widespread use of the two-cent Washington underscores the growing importance of written communication in a rapidly developing nation. The stamp’s production coincided with increasing demand for efficient and reliable postal services.
- Growing National Identity
The choice of George Washington as the subject of the 1890 stamp series reflects the ongoing process of constructing a national identity. Washington’s image, already iconic, became further ingrained in public consciousness through its reproduction on millions of stamps. This dissemination of his likeness contributed to a shared visual culture and reinforced his status as a national symbol. The stamp’s design served a patriotic function, reinforcing national unity and pride.
- Philatelic Context
Within the history of philately, 1890 marks a pivotal moment in American stamp design. The two-cent green George Washington belongs to the first series of U.S. stamps to feature a portrait of an individual, marking a departure from earlier allegorical designs. This shift signaled a new era in American stamp production, emphasizing historical figures and national themes. The 1890 issue thus represents a significant development in American philatelic history.
Considering these facets of 1890 provides a richer understanding of the two-cent green George Washington stamp. Its creation reflects the convergence of technological innovation, postal service development, and the evolving national narrative. These contextual factors elevate the stamp from a simple piece of postal ephemera to a significant artifact reflecting the historical and cultural landscape of its time.
5. Engraving
The Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP)’s involvement in producing the 1890 two-cent green George Washington stamp is crucial for understanding the stamp’s quality, security, and historical context. Established in 1862, the BEP assumed responsibility for producing United States security documents, including postage stamps. Its role in creating this particular stamp demonstrates the increasing sophistication of security printing techniques and the government’s growing focus on preventing counterfeiting.
The intricate detail of the engraved portrait, lettering, and frame lines on the stamp exemplifies the BEP’s expertise. Engraving, a demanding and precise process, involved cutting the design into a metal plate, which was then used to print the stamps. This method offered a level of detail and security difficult to replicate through other printing techniques available at the time. The fine lines and subtle shading characteristic of engraving made counterfeiting significantly more challenging, protecting the integrity of postal revenues. The BEP’s meticulous approach ensured the stamp’s visual appeal and enhanced its resistance to forgery. The choice of engraving reflects a commitment to quality and security, aligning with the BEP’s broader mission.
Examining the two-cent green George Washington stamp provides a tangible example of the BEP’s evolving capabilities in the late 19th century. This stamp represents a step forward in security printing technology and reflects the increasing professionalization of stamp production within the U.S. government. The BEP’s continued involvement in producing postage stamps underscores its enduring role in safeguarding national documents and maintaining public trust. Understanding the BEP’s contribution enhances appreciation for the technical and historical significance of this seemingly simple piece of postal history.
6. Series
The “First Bureau Issue” designation holds significant importance for the two-cent green George Washington stamp, placing it within a pivotal moment in American philately. This series, released in 1890, marks the first set of postage stamps produced entirely by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing (BEP) following the termination of the government’s contract with private printing firms. This transition represented a significant shift in stamp production, bringing it under direct government control and ushering in a new era of design and production standards. The two-cent Washington, as a member of this inaugural series, embodies this transition and reflects the BEP’s evolving capabilities.
- Shift in Production Control
The First Bureau Issue signifies the government’s move to consolidate stamp production under the BEP. Prior to 1890, private companies held contracts for printing postage stamps, leading to variations in quality and security. Bringing production in-house allowed the government greater oversight and control, improving consistency and security measures. The two-cent green George Washington exemplifies this shift, showcasing the BEP’s commitment to quality and security in its first independently produced series.
- Standardized Designs and Formats
The First Bureau Issue introduced a more standardized approach to stamp design and format. The series employed a consistent layout, featuring portraits of prominent Americans within an ornate frame. This standardized format, evident in the two-cent Washington stamp, enhanced recognizability and facilitated efficient handling within the postal system. This standardization reflects the BEP’s focus on functionality and efficiency in stamp production.
- Improved Printing Techniques
The BEP’s takeover of stamp production coincided with advancements in printing technologies. The two-cent green Washington benefits from these improvements, exhibiting finer detail and more precise engraving than earlier stamps. The improved printing quality enhanced both the aesthetic appeal and the security features of the stamp, making counterfeiting more difficult. The stamp serves as a testament to the technological advancements of the time.
- Philatelic Significance
The First Bureau Issue holds a prominent place in American philatelic history. Its stamps, including the two-cent Washington, are highly sought after by collectors due to their historical significance and the variety of printing and paper variations within the series. These variations, often subtle, provide collectors with opportunities for specialized study and create distinct subcategories within the series. The two-cent green Washington, with its various shades and perforation types, exemplifies this collectible aspect of the First Bureau Issue.
The two-cent green George Washington stamp’s inclusion in the First Bureau Issue significantly impacts its historical and philatelic value. The stamp represents not only a key moment in American postal history but also the BEP’s emergence as a leading security printer. Understanding the context of the First Bureau Issue provides critical background for appreciating the stamp’s significance within the broader narrative of American philately and the evolution of printing technologies.
Frequently Asked Questions
This section addresses common inquiries regarding the 1890 two-cent green George Washington stamp, providing concise and informative responses for collectors and enthusiasts.
Question 1: What distinguishes the 1890 two-cent George Washington stamp from other contemporary issues?
The 1890 two-cent George Washington stamp is notable for its distinctive green color, its engraved portrait based on the Athenaeum Portrait by Gilbert Stuart, and its inclusion in the first series of U.S. postage stamps produced entirely by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. It represents a significant step in American stamp design and production.
Question 2: How can one determine the value of a two-cent green George Washington stamp?
Several factors influence value, including condition, centering, color shade, perforation gauge, presence and condition of original gum, and any identifiable printing variations. Consulting specialized catalogs and expert opinions is recommended for accurate appraisals.
Question 3: What are some common variations found within the two-cent green George Washington stamp?
Variations exist in shade of green, perforation gauge, watermark presence and type, and printing flaws. These variations can significantly impact a stamp’s rarity and value. Specialized philatelic resources offer detailed information on these distinctions.
Question 4: Why is the 1890 issue considered important in American philately?
The 1890 issue, known as the First Bureau Issue, marks the first set of U.S. postage stamps produced entirely by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing. This signifies a shift towards greater government control and standardization in stamp production, representing a key moment in American philatelic history.
Question 5: How does the condition of a stamp affect its value?
Condition is paramount. Factors like centering, perforations, color vibrancy, gum presence, and the absence of damage significantly influence value. Even minor flaws can drastically reduce a stamp’s worth, while pristine examples command premium prices.
Question 6: Where can one find further information on the two-cent green George Washington stamp?
Reputable philatelic societies, specialized stamp catalogs (such as the Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps and Covers), and expert dealers can provide in-depth information regarding specific varieties, market values, and historical context. Online resources and forums dedicated to stamp collecting also offer valuable insights.
Careful consideration of these frequently asked questions provides a foundation for understanding the nuances and complexities of the two-cent green George Washington stamp. This knowledge empowers informed collecting decisions and deeper appreciation for this small but significant piece of American history.
Further sections will explore specific aspects of the stamp’s design, production, and variations in greater detail.
The 1890 Two-Cent Green George Washington Stamp
Exploration of the 1890 two-cent green George Washington stamp reveals a multifaceted artifact reflecting technological innovation, evolving postal practices, and burgeoning national identity in the late 19th-century United States. From its distinctive green hue and engraved portrait based on the iconic Athenaeum Portrait to its role as a member of the groundbreaking First Bureau Issue, this seemingly modest stamp offers a wealth of information for collectors, historians, and enthusiasts alike. Key aspects discussed include its production by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, the significance of its two-cent denomination in everyday correspondence, and the symbolic weight of featuring the nation’s first president.
Further research and careful examination remain crucial for fully appreciating the nuances within this specific stamp issue. Variations in shade, perforation, and printing errors provide fertile ground for specialized study and offer collectors opportunities to identify rare and valuable examples. The 1890 two-cent green George Washington stamp stands as a testament to the enduring power of small objects to encapsulate larger historical narratives and technological advancements, inviting continued exploration and appreciation within the realm of philately and beyond. Its study encourages deeper engagement with the historical and cultural currents shaping the United States at the cusp of the 20th century.
